Highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) is a lamellar material and consists of stacked planes. Carbon atoms within a single plane interact more strongly than with those in adjacent planes.
Each atom within a plane has three nearest neighbors, resulting in a honeycomb-like structure. This two-dimensional single-atom thick plane is called graphene.
HOPG terminated with a graphene layer can serve as an ideal atomically flat surface to be used as a substrate or standard for SPM investigations. This is also an easily “cleavable” material with a
Technical Features
Density ...................................... 2.266 g/cm3
Thermal conductivities:
thermal conductivity parallel (002) ......................................1700 ± 100 W/(m·K)
thermal conductivity perpendicular (002) ......................................8 ± 1 W/(m·K)
electrical conductivity parallel (002) ......................................2.1 ± 0.1 x 106 [(Ω·m)-1]
electrical conductivity perpendicular (002) ......................................5 x 102 [(Ω·m)-1]
There are several grades of single - or doublesided HOPG with thickness 1 mm or more:
| ZYA Grades | ZYb Grades | ZYH Grades | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mosaic Spread | 0.4°± 0.1° | 0.8°± 0.2° | 3.5°± 1.5° |